ls - ls
NAME SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Arguments: OPTIONSNAME
ls − ls
SYNOPSIS
ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
DESCRIPTION
List directory contents. Ignore files and directories starting with a ’.’ by default
Arguments:
[paths]...
OPTIONS
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−−help |
Print help information.
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−−format=<format> |
Set the display format.
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−C |
Display the files in columns.
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−l, −−long |
Display detailed information.
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−x |
List entries in rows instead of in columns.
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−T, −−tabsize <COLS> |
Assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8 [env: TABSIZE=]
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−m |
List entries separated by commas.
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−−zero |
List entries separated by ASCII NUL characters.
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−D, −−dired |
generate output designed for Emacs’ dired (Directory Editor) mode
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−−hyperlink[=<WHEN>] |
hyperlink file names WHEN [default: never] [possible values: always, auto, never]
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−1 |
List one file per line.
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−o |
Long format without group information. Identical to −−format=long with −−no−group.
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−g |
Long format without owner information.
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−n, −−numeric−uid−gid |
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−l with numeric UIDs and GIDs. |
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−−quoting−style <quoting−style> |
Set quoting style. [possible values: literal, shell, shell−escape, shell−always, shell−escape−always, c, escape]
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−N, −−literal |
Use literal quoting style. Equivalent to ‘−−quoting−style=literal‘
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−b, −−escape |
Use escape quoting style. Equivalent to ‘−−quoting−style=escape‘
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−Q, −−quote−name |
Use C quoting style. Equivalent to ‘−−quoting−style=c‘
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−q, −−hide−control−chars |
Replace control characters with ’?’ if they are not escaped.
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−−show−control−chars |
Show control characters ’as is’ if they are not escaped.
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−−time=<field> |
Show time in <field>: access time (−u): atime, access, use; change time (−t): ctime, status. modification time: mtime, modification. birth time: birth, creation;
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−c |
If the long listing format (e.g., −l, −o) is being used, print the status change time (the ’ctime’ in the inode) instead of the modification time. When explicitly sorting by time (−−sort=time or −t) or when not using a long listing format, sort according to the status change time.
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−u |
If the long listing format (e.g., −l, −o) is being used, print the status access time instead of the modification time. When explicitly sorting by time (−−sort=time or −t) or when not using a long listing format, sort according to the access time.
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−−hide <PATTERN> |
do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN (overridden by −a or −A)
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−I, −−ignore <PATTERN> |
do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
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−B, −−ignore−backups |
Ignore entries which end with ˜.
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−−sort=<field> |
Sort by <field>: name, none (−U), time (−t), size (−S), extension (−X) or width [possible values: name, none, time, size, version, extension, width]
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−S |
Sort by file size, largest first.
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−t |
Sort by modification time (the ’mtime’ in the inode), newest first.
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−v |
Natural sort of (version) numbers in the filenames.
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−X |
Sort alphabetically by entry extension.
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−U |
Do not sort; list the files in whatever order they are stored in the directory. This is especially useful when listing very large directories, since not doing any sorting can be noticeably faster.
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−L, −−dereference |
When showing file information for a symbolic link, show information for the file the link references rather than the link itself.
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−−dereference−command−line−symlink−to−dir |
Do not follow symlinks except when they link to directories and are given as command line arguments.
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−H, −−dereference−command−line |
Do not follow symlinks except when given as command line arguments.
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−G, −−no−group |
Do not show group in long format.
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−−author |
Show author in long format. On the supported platforms, the author always matches the file owner.
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−a, −−all |
Do not ignore hidden files (files with names that start with ’.’).
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−A, −−almost−all |
In a directory, do not ignore all file names that start with ’.’, only ignore ’.’ and ’..’.
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−f |
List all files in directory order, unsorted. Equivalent to −aU. Disables −−color unless explicitly specified.
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−d, −−directory |
Only list the names of directories, rather than listing directory contents. This will not follow symbolic links unless one of ‘−−dereference−command−line (−H)‘, ‘−−dereference (−L)‘, or ‘−−dereference−command−line−symlink−to−dir‘ is specified.
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−h, −−human−readable |
Print human readable file sizes (e.g. 1K 234M 56G).
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−k, −−kibibytes |
default to 1024−byte blocks for file system usage; used only with −s and per directory totals
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−−si |
Print human readable file sizes using powers of 1000 instead of 1024.
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−−block−size=<BLOCK_SIZE> |
scale sizes by BLOCK_SIZE when printing them
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−i, −−inode |
print the index number of each file
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−r, −−reverse |
Reverse whatever the sorting method is e.g., list files in reverse alphabetical order, youngest first, smallest first, or whatever.
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−R, −−recursive |
List the contents of all directories recursively.
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−w, −−width <COLS> |
Assume that the terminal is COLS columns wide.
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−s, −−size |
print the allocated size of each file, in blocks
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−−color[=<color>] |
Color output based on file type. [possible values: always, auto, never]
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−−indicator−style <indicator−style> |
Append indicator with style WORD to entry names: none (default), slash (−p), file−type (−−file−type), classify (−F) [possible values: none, slash, file−type, classify]
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−F, −−classify[=<when>] |
Append a character to each file name indicating the file type. Also, for regular files that are executable, append ’*’. The file type indicators are ’/’ for directories, ’@’ for symbolic links, ’|’ for FIFOs, ’=’ for sockets, ’>’ for doors, and nothing for regular files. when may be omitted, or one of:
none − Do not classify. This is the default. auto − Only classify if standard output is a terminal. always − Always classify.
Specifying −−classify and no when is equivalent to −−classify=always. This will not follow symbolic links listed on the command line unless the −−dereference−command−line (−H), −−dereference (−L), or −−dereference−command−line−symlink−to−dir options are specified. [possible values: always, auto, never]
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−−file−type |
Same as −−classify, but do not append ’*’
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−p |
Append / indicator to directories.
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−−time−style <TIME_STYLE> |
time/date format with −l; see TIME_STYLE below [env: TIME_STYLE=]
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−−full−time |
like −l −−time−style=full−iso
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−Z, −−context |
print any security context of each file
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−−group−directories−first |
group directories before files; can be augmented with a −−sort option, but any use of −−sort=none (−U) disables grouping
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−V, −−version |
Print version
The TIME_STYLE argument can be full−iso, long−iso, iso, locale or +FORMAT. FORMAT is interpreted like in date. Also the TIME_STYLE environment variable sets the default style to use.