du - estimate file space usage

NAME SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION PATTERNS AUTHOR REPORTING BUGS COPYRIGHT SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F

DESCRIPTION

Summarize device usage of the set of FILEs, recursively for directories.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
−0, −−null

end each output line with NUL, not newline

−a, −−all

write counts for all files, not just directories

−−apparent−size

print apparent sizes rather than device usage; although the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be larger due to holes in (’sparse’) files, internal fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like

−B, −−block−size=SIZE

scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g., ’−BM’ prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format below

−b, −−bytes

equivalent to ’−−apparent−size −−block−size=1’

−c, −−total

produce a grand total

−D, −−dereference−args

dereference only symlinks that are listed on the command line

−d, −−max−depth=N

print the total for a directory (or file, with −−all) only if it is N or fewer levels below the command line argument; −−max−depth=0 is the same as −−summarize

−−files0−from=F

summarize device usage of the NUL−terminated file names specified in file F; if F is −, then read names from standard input

−H

equivalent to −−dereference−args (−D)

−h, −−human−readable

print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)

−−inodes

list inode usage information instead of block usage

−k

like −−block−size=1K

−L, −−dereference

dereference all symbolic links

−l, −−count−links

count sizes many times if hard linked

−m

like −−block−size=1M

−P, −−no−dereference

don’t follow any symbolic links (this is the default)

−S, −−separate−dirs

for directories do not include size of subdirectories

−−si

like −h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

−s, −−summarize

display only a total for each argument

−t, −−threshold=SIZE

exclude entries smaller than SIZE if positive, or entries greater than SIZE if negative

−−time

show time of the last modification of any file in the directory, or any of its subdirectories

−−time=WORD

show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime, access, use, ctime or status

−−time−style=STYLE

show times using STYLE, which can be: full−iso, long−iso, iso, or +FORMAT; FORMAT is interpreted like in ’date’

−X, −−exclude−from=FILE

exclude files that match any pattern in FILE

−−exclude=PATTERN

exclude files that match PATTERN

−x, −−one−file−system

skip directories on different file systems

−−help

display this help and exit

−−version

output version information and exit

Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from −−block−size, and the DU_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables. Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).

The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024). Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y,R,Q (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000). Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.

PATTERNS

PATTERN is a shell pattern (not a regular expression). The pattern ? matches any one character, whereas * matches any string (composed of zero, one or multiple characters). For example, *.o will match any files whose names end in .o. Therefore, the command

du −−exclude='*.o'

will skip all files and subdirectories ending in .o (including the file .o itself).