Crypt::PK::DSA - Public key cryptography based on DSA

NAME  SYNOPSIS  METHODS  new  generate_key  import_key  export_key_der  export_key_pem  encrypt  decrypt  sign_message  verify_message  sign_hash  verify_hash  is_private  size  size_q  key2hash  FUNCTIONS  dsa_encrypt  dsa_decrypt  dsa_sign_message  dsa_verify_message  dsa_sign_hash  dsa_verify_hash  OpenSSL interoperability  Sign by OpenSSL, verify by Crypt::PK::DSA  Sign by Crypt::PK::DSA, verify by OpenSSL  Keys generated by Crypt::PK::DSA  Keys generated by OpenSSL  SEE ALSO 

NAME

Crypt::PK::DSA − Public key cryptography based on DSA

SYNOPSIS

### OO interface
#Encryption: Alice
my $pub = Crypt::PK::DSA−>new('Bob_pub_dsa1.der');
my $ct = $pub−>encrypt("secret message");
#
#Encryption: Bob (received ciphertext $ct)
my $priv = Crypt::PK::DSA−>new('Bob_priv_dsa1.der');
my $pt = $priv−>decrypt($ct);
#Signature: Alice
my $priv = Crypt::PK::DSA−>new('Alice_priv_dsa1.der');
my $sig = $priv−>sign_message($message);
#
#Signature: Bob (received $message + $sig)
my $pub = Crypt::PK::DSA−>new('Alice_pub_dsa1.der');
$pub−>verify_message($sig, $message) or die "ERROR";
#Key generation
my $pk = Crypt::PK::DSA−>new();
$pk−>generate_key(30, 256);
my $private_der = $pk−>export_key_der('private');
my $public_der = $pk−>export_key_der('public');
my $private_pem = $pk−>export_key_pem('private');
my $public_pem = $pk−>export_key_pem('public');
### Functional interface
#Encryption: Alice
my $ct = dsa_encrypt('Bob_pub_dsa1.der', "secret message");
#Encryption: Bob (received ciphertext $ct)
my $pt = dsa_decrypt('Bob_priv_dsa1.der', $ct);
#Signature: Alice
my $sig = dsa_sign_message('Alice_priv_dsa1.der', $message);
#Signature: Bob (received $message + $sig)
dsa_verify_message('Alice_pub_dsa1.der', $sig, $message) or die "ERROR";

METHODS

new

my $pk = Crypt::PK::DSA−>new();
#or
my $pk = Crypt::PK::DSA−>new($priv_or_pub_key_filename);
#or
my $pk = Crypt::PK::DSA−>new(\$buffer_containing_priv_or_pub_key);

Support for password protected PEM keys

my $pk = Crypt::PK::DSA−>new($priv_pem_key_filename, $password);
#or
my $pk = Crypt::PK::DSA−>new(\$buffer_containing_priv_pem_key, $password);

generate_key

Uses Yarrow-based cryptographically strong random number generator seeded with random data taken from "/dev/random" (UNIX) or "CryptGenRandom" (Win32).

$pk−>generate_key($group_size, $modulus_size);
# $group_size ... in bytes .. 15 < $group_size < 1024
# $modulus_size .. in bytes .. ($modulus_size − $group_size) < 512
### Bits of Security according to libtomcrypt documentation
# 80 bits => generate_key(20, 128)
# 120 bits => generate_key(30, 256)
# 140 bits => generate_key(35, 384)
# 160 bits => generate_key(40, 512)
### Sizes according section 4.2 of FIPS 186−4
# (L and N are the bit lengths of p and q respectively)
# L = 1024, N = 160 => generate_key(20, 128)
# L = 2048, N = 224 => generate_key(28, 256)
# L = 2048, N = 256 => generate_key(32, 256)
# L = 3072, N = 256 => generate_key(32, 384)
$pk−>generate_key($param_hash)
# $param_hash is { d => $d, p => $p, q => $q }
# where $d, $p, $q are hex strings
$pk−>generate_key(\$dsa_param)
# $dsa_param is the content of DER or PEM file with DSA params
# e.g. openssl dsaparam 2048

import_key

Loads private or public key in DER or PEM format.

$pk−>import_key($filename);
#or
$pk−>import_key(\$buffer_containing_key);

Support for password protected PEM keys

$pk−>import_key($pem_filename, $password);
#or
$pk−>import_key(\$buffer_containing_pem_key, $password);

Loading private or public keys form perl hash:

$pk−>import_key($hashref);
# where $hashref is a key exported via key2hash
$pk−>import_key({
p => "AAF839A764E04D80824B79FA1F0496C093...", #prime modulus
q => "D05C4CB45F29D353442F1FEC43A6BE2BE8...", #prime divisor
g => "847E8896D12C9BF18FE283AE7AD58ED7F3...", #generator of a subgroup of order q in GF(p)
x => "6C801901AC74E2DC714D75A9F6969483CF...", #private key, random 0 < x < q
y => "8F7604D77FA62C7539562458A63C7611B7...", #public key, where y = gˆx mod p
});

Supported key formats:

•

DSA public keys

−−−−−BEGIN PUBLIC KEY−−−−−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−−−−−END PUBLIC KEY−−−−−

•

DSA private keys

−−−−−BEGIN DSA PRIVATE KEY−−−−−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−−−−−END DSA PRIVATE KEY−−−−−

•

DSA private keys in password protected PEM format:

−−−−−BEGIN DSA PRIVATE KEY−−−−−
Proc−Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
DEK−Info: DES−CBC,227ADC3AA0299491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−−−−−END DSA PRIVATE KEY−−−−−

•

SSH public DSA keys

ssh−dss AAAAB3NzaC1kc3MAAACBAKU8/avmk...4XOwuEssAVhmwA==

•

SSH public DSA keys (RFC−4716 format)

−−−− BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY −−−−
Comment: "1024−bit DSA, converted from OpenSSH"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−−−− END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY −−−−

export_key_der

my $private_der = $pk−>export_key_der('private');
#or
my $public_der = $pk−>export_key_der('public');

export_key_pem

my $private_pem = $pk−>export_key_pem('private');
#or
my $public_pem = $pk−>export_key_pem('public');
#or
my $public_pem = $pk−>export_key_pem('public_x509');

With parameter 'public' uses header and footer lines:

−−−−−BEGIN DSA PUBLIC KEY−−−−−−
−−−−−END DSA PUBLIC KEY−−−−−−

With parameter 'public_x509' uses header and footer lines:

−−−−−BEGIN PUBLIC KEY−−−−−−
−−−−−END PUBLIC KEY−−−−−−

Support for password protected PEM keys

my $private_pem = $pk−>export_key_pem('private', $password);
#or
my $private_pem = $pk−>export_key_pem('private', $password, $cipher);
# supported ciphers: 'DES−CBC'
# 'DES−EDE3−CBC'
# 'SEED−CBC'
# 'CAMELLIA−128−CBC'
# 'CAMELLIA−192−CBC'
# 'CAMELLIA−256−CBC'
# 'AES−128−CBC'
# 'AES−192−CBC'
# 'AES−256−CBC' (DEFAULT)

encrypt

my $pk = Crypt::PK::DSA−>new($pub_key_filename);
my $ct = $pk−>encrypt($message);
#or
my $ct = $pk−>encrypt($message, $hash_name);
#NOTE: $hash_name can be 'SHA1' (DEFAULT), 'SHA256' or any other hash supported by Crypt::Digest

decrypt

my $pk = Crypt::PK::DSA−>new($priv_key_filename);
my $pt = $pk−>decrypt($ciphertext);

sign_message

my $pk = Crypt::PK::DSA−>new($priv_key_filename);
my $signature = $priv−>sign_message($message);
#or
my $signature = $priv−>sign_message($message, $hash_name);
#NOTE: $hash_name can be 'SHA1' (DEFAULT), 'SHA256' or any other hash supported by Crypt::Digest

verify_message

my $pk = Crypt::PK::DSA−>new($pub_key_filename);
my $valid = $pub−>verify_message($signature, $message)
#or
my $valid = $pub−>verify_message($signature, $message, $hash_name);
#NOTE: $hash_name can be 'SHA1' (DEFAULT), 'SHA256' or any other hash supported by Crypt::Digest

sign_hash

my $pk = Crypt::PK::DSA−>new($priv_key_filename);
my $signature = $priv−>sign_hash($message_hash);

verify_hash

my $pk = Crypt::PK::DSA−>new($pub_key_filename);
my $valid = $pub−>verify_hash($signature, $message_hash);

is_private

my $rv = $pk−>is_private;
# 1 .. private key loaded
# 0 .. public key loaded
# undef .. no key loaded

size

my $size = $pk−>size;
# returns key size (length of the prime p) in bytes or undef if key not loaded

size_q

my $size = $pk−>size_q;
# returns length of the prime q in bytes or undef if key not loaded

key2hash

my $hash = $pk−>key2hash;
# returns hash like this (or undef if no key loaded):
{
type => 1, # integer: 1 .. private, 0 .. public
size => 256, # integer: key size in bytes
# all the rest are hex strings
p => "AAF839A764E04D80824B79FA1F0496C093...", #prime modulus
q => "D05C4CB45F29D353442F1FEC43A6BE2BE8...", #prime divisor
g => "847E8896D12C9BF18FE283AE7AD58ED7F3...", #generator of a subgroup of order q in GF(p)
x => "6C801901AC74E2DC714D75A9F6969483CF...", #private key, random 0 < x < q
y => "8F7604D77FA62C7539562458A63C7611B7...", #public key, where y = gˆx mod p
}

FUNCTIONS

dsa_encrypt

DSA based encryption as implemented by libtomcrypt. See method "encrypt" below.

my $ct = dsa_encrypt($pub_key_filename, $message);
#or
my $ct = dsa_encrypt(\$buffer_containing_pub_key, $message);
#or
my $ct = dsa_encrypt($pub_key_filename, $message, $hash_name);
#NOTE: $hash_name can be 'SHA1' (DEFAULT), 'SHA256' or any other hash supported by Crypt::Digest

Encryption works similar to the Crypt::PK::ECC encryption whereas shared DSA key is computed, and the hash of the shared key XOR’ed against the plaintext forms the ciphertext.

dsa_decrypt

DSA based decryption as implemented by libtomcrypt. See method "decrypt" below.

my $pt = dsa_decrypt($priv_key_filename, $ciphertext);
#or
my $pt = dsa_decrypt(\$buffer_containing_priv_key, $ciphertext);

dsa_sign_message

Generate DSA signature. See method "sign_message" below.

my $sig = dsa_sign_message($priv_key_filename, $message);
#or
my $sig = dsa_sign_message(\$buffer_containing_priv_key, $message);
#or
my $sig = dsa_sign_message($priv_key, $message, $hash_name);

dsa_verify_message

Verify DSA signature. See method "verify_message" below.

dsa_verify_message($pub_key_filename, $signature, $message) or die "ERROR";
#or
dsa_verify_message(\$buffer_containing_pub_key, $signature, $message) or die "ERROR";
#or
dsa_verify_message($pub_key, $signature, $message, $hash_name) or die "ERROR";

dsa_sign_hash

Generate DSA signature. See method "sign_hash" below.

my $sig = dsa_sign_hash($priv_key_filename, $message_hash);
#or
my $sig = dsa_sign_hash(\$buffer_containing_priv_key, $message_hash);

dsa_verify_hash

Verify DSA signature. See method "verify_hash" below.

dsa_verify_hash($pub_key_filename, $signature, $message_hash) or die "ERROR";
#or
dsa_verify_hash(\$buffer_containing_pub_key, $signature, $message_hash) or die "ERROR";

OpenSSL interoperability

### let's have:
# DSA private key in PEM format − dsakey.priv.pem
# DSA public key in PEM format − dsakey.pub.pem
# data file to be signed − input.data

Sign by OpenSSL, verify by Crypt::PK::DSA

Create signature (from commandline):

openssl dgst −sha1 −sign dsakey.priv.pem −out input.sha1−dsa.sig input.data

Verify signature (Perl code):

use Crypt::PK::DSA;
use Crypt::Digest 'digest_file';
use Crypt::Misc 'read_rawfile';
my $pkdsa = Crypt::PK::DSA−>new("dsakey.pub.pem");
my $signature = read_rawfile("input.sha1−dsa.sig");
my $valid = $pkdsa−>verify_hash($signature, digest_file("SHA1", "input.data"), "SHA1", "v1.5");
print $valid ? "SUCCESS" : "FAILURE";

Sign by Crypt::PK::DSA, verify by OpenSSL

Create signature (Perl code):

use Crypt::PK::DSA;
use Crypt::Digest 'digest_file';
use Crypt::Misc 'write_rawfile';
my $pkdsa = Crypt::PK::DSA−>new("dsakey.priv.pem");
my $signature = $pkdsa−>sign_hash(digest_file("SHA1", "input.data"), "SHA1", "v1.5");
write_rawfile("input.sha1−dsa.sig", $signature);

Verify signature (from commandline):

openssl dgst −sha1 −verify dsakey.pub.pem −signature input.sha1−dsa.sig input.data

Keys generated by Crypt::PK::DSA

Generate keys (Perl code):

use Crypt::PK::DSA;
use Crypt::Misc 'write_rawfile';
my $pkdsa = Crypt::PK::DSA−>new;
$pkdsa−>generate_key(20, 128);
write_rawfile("dsakey.pub.der", $pkdsa−>export_key_der('public'));
write_rawfile("dsakey.priv.der", $pkdsa−>export_key_der('private'));
write_rawfile("dsakey.pub.pem", $pkdsa−>export_key_pem('public_x509'));
write_rawfile("dsakey.priv.pem", $pkdsa−>export_key_pem('private'));
write_rawfile("dsakey−passwd.priv.pem", $pkdsa−>export_key_pem('private', 'secret'));

Use keys by OpenSSL:

openssl dsa −in dsakey.priv.der −text −inform der
openssl dsa −in dsakey.priv.pem −text
openssl dsa −in dsakey−passwd.priv.pem −text −inform pem −passin pass:secret
openssl dsa −in dsakey.pub.der −pubin −text −inform der
openssl dsa −in dsakey.pub.pem −pubin −text

Keys generated by OpenSSL

Generate keys:

openssl dsaparam −genkey −out dsakey.priv.pem 1024
openssl dsa −in dsakey.priv.pem −out dsakey.priv.der −outform der
openssl dsa −in dsakey.priv.pem −out dsakey.pub.pem −pubout
openssl dsa −in dsakey.priv.pem −out dsakey.pub.der −outform der −pubout
openssl dsa −in dsakey.priv.pem −passout pass:secret −des3 −out dsakey−passwd.priv.pem

Load keys (Perl code):

use Crypt::PK::DSA;
my $pkdsa = Crypt::PK::DSA−>new;
$pkdsa−>import_key("dsakey.pub.der");
$pkdsa−>import_key("dsakey.priv.der");
$pkdsa−>import_key("dsakey.pub.pem");
$pkdsa−>import_key("dsakey.priv.pem");
$pkdsa−>import_key("dsakey−passwd.priv.pem", "secret");

SEE ALSO

•

<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Signature_Algorithm>
Updated 2024-01-29 - jenkler.se | uex.se